Scientific name:
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Scientific classification
Mourning WarblerThe Mourning Warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.
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Description
These 13 cm long birds have yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts and pink legs. Adult males have a grey hood and a black patch on the throat and breast. Females and immatures are grey-brown on the head with an incomplete eye-ring.Their breeding habitat is thickets and semi-open areas with dense shrubs across Canada east of the Rockies and the northeastern United States. The nest is an open cup placed on the ground in a well-concealed location under thick shrubs or other vegetation.These birds migrate to Central America and northern South America.They forage low in vegetation, sometimes catching insects in flight. These birds mainly eat insects, also some plant material in winter.The song of this bird is a bright repetitive warble. The call is a sharp chip.The "mourning" in this bird's name refers to the male's hood, thought to resemble a mourning veil.
References
BirdLife International (2004). Oporornis philadelphia. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
External links
Mourning Warbler Species Account - Cornell Lab of OrnithologyMourning Warbler - Oporornis philadelphia - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
Further reading
BooksPitocchelli, Jay. 1993. Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia). In The Birds of North America, No. 72 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural S Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union. ThesisKingsley AL. M.Sc. (1998). Response of birds and vegetation to the first cut of the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system in the white pine forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Trent University (Canada), Canada.Pitocchelli J. Ph.D. (1988). Character variation in the Oporornis philadelphia-tolmiei complex. City University of New York, United States, New York.Woodcock JM. M.Sc. (1997). Effects of manual, mechanical, and aerial herbicide conifer release on songbird numbers in regenerating spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario. Lakehead University (Canada), Canada. ArticlesBenson A-M, Pogson TH & Doyle TJ. (2000). Updated geographic distribution of eight passerine species in central Alaska. Western Birds. vol 31, no 2. p. 100-105.Bledsoe AH. (1988). A Hybrid Oporornis-Philadelphia X Geothlypis-Trichas with Comments on the Taxonomic Interpretation and Evolutionary Significance of Intergeneric Hybridization. Wilson Bulletin. vol 100, no 1. p. 1-8.Burris JM & Haney AW. (2005). Bird communities after blowdown in a late-successional Great Lakes spruce-fir forest. Wilson Bulletin. vol 117, no 4. p. 341-352.Canterbury GE & Blockstein DE. (1997). Local changes in a breeding bird community following forest disturbance. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 68, no 4. p. 537-546.Collins SL, James FC & Risser PG. (1982). Habitat Relationships of Wood Warblers Parulidae in Northern Central Minnesota USA. Oikos. vol 39, no 1. p. 50-58.Hall GA. (1979). Hybridization between Mourning Warbler Oporornis-Philadelphia and Macgillivarays Warbler Oporornis-Tolmiei. Bird Banding. vol 50, no 2. p. 101-107.Hanowski J, Danz N, Lind J & Niemi G. (2003). Breeding bird response to riparian forest harvest and harvest equipment. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 174, no 1-3. p. 315-328.Harrison RB, Fiona KAS & Robin N. (2005). Stand-level response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol 35, no 7. p. 1553.Hobson KA & Schieck J. (1999). Changes in bird communities in boreal mixedwood forest: Harvest and wildfire effects over 30 years. Ecological Applications. vol 9, no 3. p. 849-863.Holmes SB & Pitt DG. (2007). Response of bird communities to selection harvesting in a northern tolerant hardwood forest. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 238, no 1-3. p. 280-292.Jobes AP, Nol E & Voigt DR. (2004). Effects of selection cutting on bird communities in contiguous eastern hardwood forests. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 68, no 1. p. 51-60.Lemon RE, Struger J & Lechowicz MJ. (1983). Song Features as Species Discriminants in American Warblers Parulidae. Condor. vol 85, no 3. p. 308-322.Lent RA & Capen DE. (1995). Effects of small-scale habitat disturbance on the ecology of breeding birds in a Vermont (USA) hardwood forest. Ecography. vol 18, no 2. p. 97-108.Niemi GJ & Hanowski JM. (1984). Relationships of Breeding Birds to Habitat Characteristics in Logged Areas. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 48, no 2. p. 438-443.Pitocchelli J. (1990). Plumage Morphometric and Song Variation in Mourning Oporornis-Philadelphia and Macgillivray's Oporornis-Tolmiei Warblers. Auk. vol 107, no 1. p. 161-171.Pitocchelli J. (1992). Plumage and Size Variation in the Mourning Warbler. Condor. vol 94, no 1. p. 198-209.Schulte LS & Niemi GJ. (1998). Bird communities of early-successional burned and logged forest. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 62, no 4. p. .Scott DM. (1988). Breeding Records of the Mourning Warbler at London Middlesex County Canada. Ontario Birds. vol 6, no 1. p. 32-33.Sodhi NS & Paszkowski CA. (1995). Habitat use and foraging behavior of four parulid warblers in a second-growth forest. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 66, no 2. p. 277-288.--&
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--------------------------Page1------------------------------摘要sampling)对海南山鹧鸪的种群数量进行了调查。结果显示，海南山鹧鸪每群的个体数在65群}kmz．8．7群{kmz秘0。通过捕捉和录音回放，发现海南山鹧鸪雌、雄鸟繁殖期的鸣叫声明显不同。对成对的海南山鹧鸪分别进行雌鸟叫声和雄鸟叫声的录音回放，结果表明，对于雌性鸣声回放，要比占区雄鸟对入侵雌鸟的反应极显著地强烈；对于雄性鸣声回放，雄鸟和雌鸟的反应或者雌雄的反应无显著差异，都是强烈的，而占区雄鸟则不同，对入侵雄鸟反应强烈，但对入侵雌鸟则不然。推测与其婚配制度有关。海南山鹧鸪属于雌雄同型鸟类。但我们的研究发现，其雌雄个体在嘴裂口印．03)、差异(P=O．003)。采用无线电遥测技术，对海南山鹧鸪的活动区进行了研究。其日活动区面积为ha(50％KH)，雄性的日活动区面积要大3．85士2．77ha(90％HMa3，核心面积为2．23士1．65的雌鸟和雄鸟位移也无显著差异。通过无线电遥测跟踪，采用样方调查和组成分析的方法，调查海南山鹧鸪在研究区--------------------------Page2------------------------------和活动区内的微生境两个尺度下的生境利用。结果表明，海南山鹧鸪只利用研究区中的原生林和天然次生林，对人工马占相思林没有利用。样方调查表明，原生林中影响海南山鹧鸪觅食生境利用的因素主要有距沟谷距离、距水源距离、裸地比例、倒木、落叶厚度、落叶盖度和o~O．5m郁闭度；次生林中影响海南山鹧鸪觅食生境利用的因素主要有O~o．5m郁闭度、2--4m郁闭度、密藤、距沟谷距离和落叶厚度。影响海南山鹧鸪微生境利用的因素为水平遮挡度。关键词：海南山鹧鸪；鹦哥岭；领域行为；活动区；生境利用；性别鉴定；种群密度；录音回放；鸣声分析II--------------------------Page3------------------------------AbstractandhabitatuseHainanstudiedofhavebeenfromTerritory,homerangePartridgeinNatureOctoberMayYmggelingReserve，Hainanwasusedtotheresultsshowmethodsurveypopulationdensity．Thepresentthat,thesamplingflockare2．43士1．36birdand1．81e0．59inforestandindividualsprimarysecondaryforest,perinforestandis15．7respectively．Thepopulationdensityprimaryforest，secondaryplantationandwithindividuals／km2，15．8individuals／kmz6．5flocks／kmz，8．70，respectively,andflocks／km2and0respectively．foundofHainanalsocalledinthethat,femaleUsingplaybackexperiment，wepartridgetheofthemaleandfemaleweredifferent．Femaleaseason,andbreedingsongsmayplaykeyinitsonristheforofrolefirstfemaleknowledge，thismatingsystem．ToreportcallingGalliformesinChina．MaleorfemalesoloindicatedtherewasnoplaybackthatsignificantdifferencebetweenmaleandfemaletothemalesongtherewasdifferencebetweenmaleandfemaletothefemaleHoweveghighlysignificantsongtheotherofmaletohand，theplayback(z_-4．716，氏O．001)．OncorrespondingresponsesmaleandwerefemalehighIyforsongsongplaybacksthebetweenmaleandfemalehadfemale，thesongnosignificantresponsesplaybacksdifference(Z=-I．774．P=O．076)．19wereinthefieldmetho
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Nest-site selection of the Red-billed Leiothrix and Japanese Bush Warbler in Japan
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effects of parents and brown-headed cowbirds (molothrus ater) on nest predation risk for a songbird
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effects of parents and brown-headed cowbirds (molothrus ater) on nest predation risk for a songbird
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