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那就请楼主留下MSN哈
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bf题我觉得关键还是找文中一些逻辑要素,首先是论点,其次是支持论点的直接理由,寻找这两个逻辑要素都需要注意转折关系,但不能根据转折关系武断下结论,还是要以论点为中心判断其次要做的是以论点为树干,理由为树枝画一个大致树状结构.不要以为这一点会占用很多时间,因为直接理由一般不会多其他非理由成分都不用管.我当时是习惯这一方法了,用C表示结论,Pi表示理由，很快完成相应bf部分可以到树状结构中找位置，一目了然这种方法一定不要生搬硬套，关键是想强调做句子作用题，明确逻辑结构的重要
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楼主说的很抽象啊，要好好悟一下~~
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逻辑备考方面的,相信版上已经讲得很详细,我就不班门弄斧了其中费费的逻辑课一定要上,非常有启发性需要补充的是,如果你现在时间足够的话,推荐你看一下:理论篇:Bary,&critical thinking&思维篇:赫赫有名的&柯尔特教程&实例篇:&走出思维的陷阱&一定要建立牢固对于argument的概念!
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回复9：回复9：为何A会对conclusion"high success rate shows insufficient canvassing effort"产生支持?这是一道与OG上"雷达探测器"类似的题,我把它归结为"百分比谬误"型,也就是:单纯的百分比不能说明任何问题,总体百分比与局部百分比是有机联系的(可能说得比较抽象),OG上"雷达探测器"题是给了局部百分比,忽视了与总体百分比的比较,而此题是仅仅给了总体百分比而忽视了具体的局部的百分比关系.事实上,文中已经指明了局部的分类,即potential donors who had never gave before与ones who have donated in the past,所以很自然的,两类的其中一个百分比关系即是解决"百分比谬误"的关键,A项即是表明前一类的百分比关系相等,总体上的高百分比80%事实上完全归咎于后一类ones who have donated in the past,有效证明了insufficient canvassing effort.[此贴子已经被作者于 3:06:48编辑过]
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麻烦你看看吧
&Apologies, but as there was no answers with the GWD, are my choices all correct?&&&27-Q2Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions if electronic switches.& Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation.& Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage.& The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.&For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:&There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential.Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be.There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation.Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation.Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.39Which of the following most logically completes the passage?&On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.& An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.& Supporting this explanation is the finding that ______.&the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than fortya disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is commonmany scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they agescientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own researchthere is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical compositionB& &&&21-Q4Which of the following most logically completes the passage?Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix)
consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since &&&&.the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitisthe misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have itall of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitisevery patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitisB& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 21-Q21Mastitis is an infection of the udder in cows that, although not dangerous, causes them to give poor-quality milk. Most cases of mastitis are caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, against which antibiotics are ineffective. However, a related bacterium, Staphylococcus simulans, quickly clears up even severe infections of S. aureus simply by displacing the bacteria. S. simulans is nevertheless unlikely to become the preferred treatment for cases of mastitis, since &&&&.&certain dangerous bacteria that normally cannot take hold can do so in the presence of S. simulans.the current resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics derives in part from a past pattern of overuse of those antibioticsthe milk from cows infected with S. aureus is generally not of such poor quality as to be entirely unusablecareful farming practice can reduce the incidence of mastitis to a minimum& the only symptom of mild cases of mastitis is the deterioration in the quality of the milk producedA& &&&25-Q3Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the bestCandidates to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary hasdone nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled witha ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements.Pat:& No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very fewjudges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negativeeffect.Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that itattempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential membersof a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that changeattempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effectssimply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in supportof that denialassumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a groupnecessarily benefit all members of that group.A&&&& &&&25-Q21Which of the following most logically completes the editorial below?&Editorial in Golbindian Newspaper: For almost three months, opposition parties have been mounting daily street demonstrations in the capital in an effort to pressure the ruling party into calling an election. Though the demonstrations were well attended at first, attendance has declined steadily in recent weeks. However, the decline in attendance does not indicate that popular support for the opposition’s demands is dropping, since&& &&&the opposition’s demands have not changed during the period when thestreet demonstrations have been mounted.No foreign governments have expressed any support for the opposition’sdemands.The state-controlled media have ceased any mention of the demonstrations,leaving many citizens outside the capital with no way of knowing that demonstrations continue.There have not recently been any antigovernment demonstrations in cities other than the capital.A recent sharp decrease in unemployment has led to increased popular support for the government.C& &&&26-Q31Which of the following most logically completes the argument??When people engage in activities that help others ,their brain releases endorphins,the brain’s natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It hasbeen suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity.And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping othersshows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. How-ever, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does notboost longevity, because&&&&&&&&& .in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regularvolunteer work than men were, and women tend to live longer than men do.the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is on the increasethe feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at least for a time, maskthe symptoms of various conditions and diseases, provided the symptoms aremild.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of volunteer work through-out his or her life.Some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular volunteer workbecomes a source of stress in their lives.C& 28-Q18Which of the following most logically completes the passage?Concerned about financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65. Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because ______.A: They rely entirely on the government pension for their incomeB: Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension checkC: They buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflationD: The pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time highE: In Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living&& E& 28-Q28Which of the following most logically completes the argument?A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb’s high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.&A: histidine is found in all parts of the plant – roots, stem, leaves, and flowersB: the herb’s high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acidsC: others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantitiesD: cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxicE: the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturityC29-Q8Which of the following, if true, provides evidence that most logically completes the argument below?&According to a widely held economic hypothesis, imposing strict environmental regulations reduces economic growth.& This hypothesis is undermined by the fact that the states with the strictest environmental regulations also have the highest economic growth.& This fact does not show that environmental regulations promote growth, however, since ______.&those states with the strictest environmental regulations invest the most in education and job trainingeven those states that have only moderately strict environmental regulations have higher growth than those with the least-strict regulationsmany states that are experiencing reduced economic growth are considering weakening their environmental regulationsafter introducing stricter environmental regulations, many states experienced increased economic growtheven those states with very weak environmental regulations have experienced at least some growth&23-Q1A major health insurance company in Lagolia pays for special procedures prescribed by physicians only if the procedure is first approved as “medically necessary” by a company-appointed review panel.& The rule is intended to save the company the money it might otherwise spend on medically unnecessary procedures.& The company has recently announced that in order to reduce its costs, it will abandon this rule.&Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the company’s decision?&Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments.Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health of the patient.The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.The company’s review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more than one effective procedure is available, to select the one they personally prefer.The number of members of the company-appointed review panel who review a given procedure depends on the cost of the procedure.C&&& 23-Q10When trying to identify new technologies that promise to transform the marketplace, market researchers survey the managers of those companies that are developing new technologies. Such managers have an enormous stake in succeeding, so they invariably overstate the potential of their new technologies. Surprisingly, however, market researchers typically do not survey a new technology’s potential buyers, even though it is the buyers-not the producers-who will ultimately determine a technology’s commercial success.&Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the typical survey practices among market researchers?&If a new technology succeeds, the commercial benefits accrue largely to the producers, not to the buyers, of that technology.People who promote the virtues of a new technology typically fail to consider that the old technology that is currently in use continues to be improved, often substantially.Investors are unlikely to invest substantial amounts of capital in a company whose own managers are skeptical about the commercial prospects of a new technology they are developing.The potential buyers for not-yet-available technologies can seldom be reliably identified.The developers of a new technology are generally no better positioned than its potential buyers to gauge how rapidly the new technology can be efficiently mass-produced.D&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&25-Q12In Kantovia, physicians’ income comes from insurance companies, which requirephysicians to document their decisions in treating patients and to justify deviationsfrom the companies’ treatment guidelines. Ten years ago physicians were allowedmore discretion. Most physicians believe that the companies’ requirements nowprevent them from spending enough time with patients. Yet the average amount of time a patient spends with a physician during an office visit has actually increasedsomewhat over the last ten years.&Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancybetween physicians’ perceptions and the change in the actual time spent?Patients are more likely to be in a hurry nowadays and are less willing to wait a long time to see their physician.Physicians today typically have a wider range of options in diagnosis andtreatment to consider with the patient before prescribing.Physicians are increasingly likely to work in group practices, sharing theresponsibility of night and weekend work.Most patients would rather trust their physicians than their insurancecompanies to make decisions about their treatment.Since the insurance companies pay physicians a set amount for eachoffice visit, it is to physicians’ financial advantage to see as manyPatients as possible.B& &&&26-Q4Consumers planning to buy recreational equipment tend to buy higher quality, more expensive equipment when the economy is strong than when it is weak. Hill and Dale is a business that sells high-quality, expensive camping and hiking equipment in Boravia. Although all the signs are that Boravia’s economy is now entering a period of sustained strength, the managers of the business do not expect a substantial increase in sales.&Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest justification for the managers’ judgment?A significant proportion of Hill and Dale’s sales are made tocustomers who enter the store in order to buy one particularitem but, once there, find other items to buy as well.In Boravia when the economy is strong, those who mightotherwise go camping tend to take vacations overseas.The economic upturn is likely to allow Boravia’s nati-onal parks, where most of the camping and hiking isdone, to receive extra funding to improve their visitor facilities.Advances in materials technology have led to thedevelopment of hiking and camping equipment thatis more comfortable and lightweight than before.Many people in Boravia not only are committed to preserving the country’s wilderness areas but alsoare interested in spending some time in them.C& &&26-Q22People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, some of them quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. Based on this sample, experts conclude that among members of the general population who have spent a similarly large amount of time in close contact with animals, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is not 30 percent but substantially more.&Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the experts’ conclusion?A zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation.A zoo employee is more likely than a person in the general population to keep one or more animal pets at homeThe percentage of the general population whose level of exposure to animals matches that of a zoo employee is quite small.Exposure to domestic pets is, on the whole, less likely to cause animal-induced allergy than exposure to many of the animals kept in zoos.Zoo employees seldom wear protective gear when they handle animals in their care.A& &&&&27-Q9In order to raise revenue, the federal government planned a tax amnesty program that allows tax delinquents to pay all owed tax without added financial penalty. However, economists projected that the federal government would collect a far lower percentage of total tax owed by delinquents than did state governments implementing similar programs.&Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the economists’ projections?&Tax amnesty programs are only successful if they are widely publicized.Most people who honestly pay their state tax are equally honest in paying their federal tax.Although federal tax delinquents usually must pay high financial penalties, the states require far lower financial penalties.The state tax rate varies considerably from state to state, but the federal tax is levied according to laws which apply to citizens of all the states.Unlike most federal tax delinquents, most state tax delinquents fail to pay state tax because of an oversight rather than a decision not to pay.E 30-Q14Background information:& This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival was submitted in one of ten categories.& For each category, there was a panel that decided which submitted films to accept.&Fact 1:& Within each category, the rate of acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films.&Fact 2:& The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higher than that of foreign films.&In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, can account for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year’s Barbizon Film Festival?&In each category, the selection panel was composed of filmmakers, and some selection panels included no foreign filmmakers.Significantly more domestic films than foreign films were submitted to the festival.In each of the past three years, the overall acceptance rate was higher for foreign than for domestic films, an outcome that had upset some domestic filmmakers.The number of films to be selected in each category was predetermined, but in no category was it required that the acceptance rate of foreign films should equal that of domestic films.Most foreign films, unlike most domestic films, were submitted in categories with high prestige, but with correspondingly low rates of acceptance.E&& &&&30-Q33In order to reduce the number of items damaged while in transit to customers, packaging consultants recommended that the TrueSave mail-order company increase the amount of packing material so as to fill any empty spaces in its cartons.& Accordingly, TrueSave officials instructed the company’s packers to use more packing material than before, and the packers zealously acted on these instructions and used as much as they could.& Nevertheless, customer reports of damaged items rose somewhat.&Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why acting on the consultants’ recommendation failed to achieve its goal?&The change in packing policy led to an increase in expenditure on packing material and labor.When packing material is compressed too densely, it loses some of its capacity to absorb shock.The amount of packing material used in a carton does not significantly influence the ease with which a customer can unpack the package.Most of the goods that TrueSave ships are electronic products that are highly vulnerable to being damaged in transit.TrueSave has lost some of its regular customers as a result of the high number of damaged items they received.B& &&&&31-Q17It is crucially important to farmers that the herbicides they use to control weeds not (?) damage their crops. One very effective herbicide is safe for corn, but soybeans are damaged even by the herbicide’s residue, which remains in the soil more than a year after the herbicide is applied. Soybeans and corn are not sown togeth nevertheless, most farmers are reluctant to use the herbicide on their corn.&Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the farmers’ reluctance?A: The residue of the herbicide in the soil a year after application is not enough to control most weeds effectively.B: To maintain the nutrients in the soil, corn and soybeans are often planted in a field in alternate years.C: The demand for soybeans is growing faster than is the demand for corn.D: For maximum yield, soybean plants are grown closer together to each other than are corn plants.E: The application of herbicides is less critical for soybean than for corn crops.
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you joking about helping right?
Ok.....few days later still no answer!!!&NVM you prob busy with helping others (i hope ^ ^)&Thanks for the offer, but i cant afford to wait any longer loh&
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