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, 9 May 2012, Pages 102–112Middle to Upper Paleolithic biological and cultural shift in EurasiaEdited By Laura Longo
Did Neandertals and anatomically modern humans coexist in northern Italy during the late MIS 3?, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , a Universit& degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali &G. Sarfatti&, U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Via Tommaso Pendola 62, 53100 Siena, Italyb Radiocarbon Dating and Cosmogenic Lab., Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israelc Universit& di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Unit& di Antropologia Molecolare/Paleogenetica Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Firenze, Italyd Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Via S. Egidio 21, 50122 Firenze, Italye Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germanyf Universit& di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Sezione di Paleobiologia, Preistoria e Antropologia, Corso Ercole I d&Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italyg UMR 6578 CNRS-Universit& de la M&diterran&e-EFS, Laboratoire d&Anthropologie bioculturelle, Facult& de M&decine & Secteur Nord, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, FranceThe main processes invoked to explain the demise of Homo neanderthalensis are the effects of adverse climatic conditions in the northern hemisphere during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) and the outcome of the interaction with Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs). Evidence for the co-existence of these two hominins, however, is elusive and, therefore, verifying the role which these processes might have played in the extirpation of Neandertals remains a topic of heated debate. A site which can contribute to throw light on the replacement of H.&neanderthalensis by AMHs is Riparo Mezzena, a rockshelter in northern Italy, where late Mousterian lithic industries were found in association with human remains. This paper reviews the results of recent investigations on the lithic assemblages and human bones recovered during excavation campaigns which took place in 1957 and 1977. The study of the physical anthropology of the skeletal remains, in conjunction with palaeogenetic analyses on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, have proven that the occupiers of Riparo Mezzena were Neandertals. The first radiocarbon date for the site, obtained on collagen extracted from a bovid from the lowermost part of the stratigraphic sequence (Layer III) and presented here (34,540&&&655 14C uncal BP), attests that Riparo Mezzena was occupied during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period. The anthropogenic deposits at the site actually accumulated when the nearby site of Grotta di Fumane was occupied by humans who produced Proto-Aurignacian lithic industries. This suggests that Neandertals and AMHs probably co-existed for a short period of time in northern Italy, possibly competing for resources within the confined territory of the Monti Lessini. These findings arising from new research on the collections of Riparo Mezzena have important implications not only for the study of the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Italy, but also for the understanding of the process through which AMHs replaced H.&neanderthalensis.
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Design and integrity assessment of high strength tubular structures for extreme loading conditions (Hitubes)
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Design and integrity assessment of high strength tubular structures for extreme loading conditions (Hitubes)
High-strength steel (HSS) characterized by a yield strength ranging between 500 MPaand 700 MPa has been available for many years. However, its use in onshore engineering is quite restricted. Reasons were threefold: (i) Eurocodes covered steels with a yield strength up to 460 MPa; (ii) higher cost (iii) lack of conceptual design with HSS. Nonetheless, very recently, there has been a growing trend for the use of HSS in tubular structures due to Eurocode 3 Part 1-12 (2006), which extended its scope to steel grades up to S690/S700MC. In this context, the Hitubes project intended to develop performance-based designs and assessment procedures to make full use of HSS tubes up to S700MC for structures subject also to ex in fact, Eurocode 3 Part 1-12 imposes many limitations at the material, structural and design levels. The ambitious targets are to increase the performance of tubular structures and reduce weight, construction and operating costs. The project covered the period 1 July 2008 to 31 December 2011, and the main research work focused on several aspects listed herein: selection of finite element-based and identification dy selection of realistic case studies and FE analysis for the evaluation of
structural identification and health monitoring of a cable-stay
test planning and execution, including welding proc simulations of welded and bolted connections under monotonic, low-cycle and high-cy simulation of case studies and reliability analysis for quantification of realistic p and SWOT analysis and monitoring of project activities
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, 1 February 2014, Pages 63–84
Tephrochronology of the astronomically-tuned KC01B deep-sea core, Ionian Sea: insights into the explosive activity of the Central Mediterranean area during the last 200&ka, , , , , , , , , , , , a Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC-CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80133 Napoli, Italyb Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Universit& degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italyc Marine Geochemistry & Chemical Oceanography Geosciences, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlandsd Istituto Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG-CNR), Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italye Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC-CNR), U.O.S. di Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta-Granitola, Mazara Trapani, Italy&A tephrostratigraphic record from the Ionian Sea extending back to ca&200&ka.&Major and trace element dataset of fifteen tephra layers astronomically dated.&Major and potential inter-archive tephra markers.&Insights into the volcanism of Campania Plain, Mt. Etna, Aeolian Arc and Pantelleria.We present a major, trace and rare earth element characterization of single glass shards from fifteen tephra layers found in the astronomically-tuned KC01B deep-sea core (Ionian Sea, Central Mediterranean-36&15.25&N, 17&34.44&E, 3642&m water depth). KC01B is considered a reference core for the Mediterranean area since it provides a new reliable astronomical tuned timescale for the last 1.112&My (Lourens, 2004). The studied deposits punctuate the marine record in a time span ranging from ca 16&ka to ca 191&ka&B.P. encompassing the climatic zones Y, X, W and V. They are related to volcanic activity of the Campania Plain, Aeolian Islands, Mt. Etna and Pantelleria Island. Along with major main markers of the Central Mediterranean area such as Y-1, Y-5, and X-6, astronomically dated at 16.7&ka, 39.1&ka, and 110.5&ka, respectively, the succession contains a number of well preserved deposits which can represent useful inter-archive instruments of correlation. The Campania Plain, in particular, sourced at least nine compositionally homogeneous tephra layers prior to the Campanian Ignimbrite event. The data obtained in this work provide a new detailed analytical reference database for Ionian Sea tephrochronology and for proximal-distal correlation studies. They may help to unravel from the marine record the history of poorly known or unknown explosive activity on land since the middle Pleistocene along with chemical composition, size and dispersal of the products.KeywordsKC01B; Ionian Sea; Tephrochronology; Astronomical tuning; Major and trace elements
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