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逻辑主语+独立主格结构结合.doc
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3秒自动关闭窗口什么是独立主格
什么是逻辑主语 什么是同源宾语_百度知道
什么是独立主格
什么是逻辑主语 什么是同源宾语
提问者采纳
这个结构自身不带主语的话,（= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday,fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile3,但是很显然通过题目可以看出他爸爸买磁带也是为了提高mary的英语, 如果天气允许,绑&quot,形容词&#47,我们的战士与洪水作斗争,与分词&quot,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。逻辑主语在英语语法中的定义,不妨将句子改为条件句, his hand raised, sing等。例如,副词&#47,应用现在分词, I told him all the news ,ll go out for a walk,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词&quot,那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸,但却是能真正发出该句子动作的人 分词的独立结构从形式上看来 就是现在分词或者过去分词的一个短语, the whole country was in deep sorrow,s kind of you to tell me the news ,g,是被动关系,嵊屑父鲅∠睢１热,, to be tied D,Mary&#39,名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二） 独立主格结构的特点,它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系,(1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,就要选最后一个。这就是逻辑主语要根句子的主语一致的例子。 关于分词独立结构就是把前面的那个in order to improve English换成一个分词短语,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断, 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题, his teeth set, （me 是to answer 的逻辑主语）I saw him playing at the river side ,你应该尽快地跑。The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning,_______, 然后将if 去掉,In order to improve English,名词(代词)+形容词,用法, breathe,耳朵冻坏了。He came out of the library,梢允∪ァe,我们才回家。The meeting gone over, live,现在农民们过着幸福的生活。b,ll go out for a walk,故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式, we began our holiday, being tied B,介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例,是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,The teacher asked me to answer his question ,不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, He died a heroic death,每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, with his hand raised【raising亦可】, a large book under his arm,You should run your fastest（race）,而应该是由我来擦窗户的, Weather___,形容词,常见的能带同源宾语的动词有, 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如,, （I 是moved 的逻辑主语）2,在党的领导下, A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B, having tied C,He likes helping others ,他回到了房子里, 当介词是in时,,不定式&#47,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,我们开始放假。The president assassinated, 注意,本句中使用的是独立结构,1,s father bought her many tapes, I dreamed a terrible dream last night, = He stood there,)我们昨晚睡得很舒服。Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday,g,例如本句改为If weather permits,表主动,副词, his eyes looking straight up,因此叫逻辑主语。逻辑主语的判断, 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例如,或者Mary bought many tapes,g,也就成了我们常说的独立主格结构。给你举几个例子啊 逻辑主语的,显然我的手指是不能擦窗户的, knife in hand,1,We slept a comfortable sleep last night,考试结束了, his hand clenched,“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比, 昨晚,也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 A robber burst into the room,Tapes are needed,lead,该同源宾语,天气允许&#39,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,不定式,当它自己带主语的时候, everyone tired to go home earlier,= After the president was assassinated,这个时候你就要看谁能发出提高英语这个动作了。显然不能是tapes,
他英勇地死去。2, He stood there,独立主格 （一）,达到了句子的主语和逻辑意义上的主语一致的要求。同源宾语一,介词短语 举例, with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,
逻辑主语,名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为&#39,同源宾语前面通常带有定语。e, sleep,s father, ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,打了一个漂亮仗。d,= When the test was finished,
(= We slept comfortably last night,且we 小写,_______ 后面选项有可能是my finger was hurt,少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语, run, 会议结束后, we went home, we are going to visit you tomorrow,就可以不一致了,The test finished, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A,, 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时, With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时,前者语气更强一些。e,因此用过去分词, die, fight,既可用分词的独立结构,我做了一个恶梦。c,去年八月份,因此这句话能发出提高英语这个动作的逻辑主语就是mary,或是I hurt my finger, Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August, 典型例题,那么这个分词的动作一定要是句子的主语能够发出的动作, 本题中没有连词, 独立主格结构的构成, 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时, dream, smile, 名词(代词)+现在分词,概念, （he 是helping 的逻辑主语）Moved by his words ,但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,过去分词&#47,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语（Cognate Object）。二, the peasants are living a happy life, we&#39,走出了图书馆 2, 这个时候通,名词(代词)+副词,例如 Cleaning the window, we&#39,因此句子的主语应该跟逻辑主语一致,总统被谋杀了, 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如, his ears red with cold, 其结构为,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词）,虽然有可能是mary&#39, 典型例题 The murder was brought in,它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词,It&#39,名词(代词)+不定式,我们明天去看你。This done, （him 是playing 的逻辑主语）
逻辑主语就是不一定是出现在句子里的那个主语, Under the leadership of the Party, （you 是to tell 的逻辑主语）It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time , we began our holiday,过去分词,）史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了。注意, tied 答案D,手&quot, laugh,a,
工作完成后,及物动词用现在分 词,他夹着本厚书,所以答案应该是最后一个, （you 是to finish 的逻辑主语）3,应该选哪一个呢,撒手西去了。,选D,也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词&#47, the whole country was in deep sorrow,它不是复合句,
提问者评价
其他类似问题
独立主格的相关知识
其他2条回答
= After the president was assassinated, we are going to visit you tomorrow,,你应该尽快地跑。The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning, we began our holiday,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting,同源宾语前面通常带有定语。e,(1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,1, 会议结束后,名词(代词)+副词,）史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了。注意,我们的战士与洪水作斗争,在党的领导下,去年八月份,名词(代词)+不定式, sing等。例如,（= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday,)我们昨晚睡得很舒服。Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday,那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸, 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如,We slept a comfortable sleep last night,少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语,形容词, 独立主格结构的构成,名词(代词)+形容词,,但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,1,fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile3,名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二） 独立主格结构的特点,该同源宾语,“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比, everyone tired to go home earlier,概念, （he 是helping 的逻辑主语）Moved by his words , live,过去分词, run, 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时,
他英勇地死去。2,每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, 昨晚, I told him all the news ,
逻辑主语,梢允∪ァe,打了一个漂亮仗。d, 名词(代词)+现在分词, sleep, a large book under his arm, Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August, （I 是moved 的逻辑主语）2, Under the leadership of the Party,我做了一个恶梦。c,= When the test was finished,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语（Cognate Object）。二, I dreamed a terrible dream last night, He died a heroic death,走出了图书馆 逻辑主语在英语语法中的定义, the peasants are living a happy life, his ears red with cold,a,考试结束了,The test finished,The teacher asked me to answer his question , （you 是to finish 的逻辑主语）3,它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系, fight,它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词, the whole country was in deep sorrow,副词, laugh, smile, we began our holiday, breathe, the whole country was in deep sorrow,我们才回家。The meeting gone over,He likes helping others , dream,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的, die,lead,他夹着本厚书,常见的能带同源宾语的动词有,s kind of you to tell me the news , we went home,用法,g, （me 是to answer 的逻辑主语）I saw him playing at the river side ,
工作完成后,我们开始放假。The president assassinated,g,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例,It&#39, 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例如, 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,因此叫逻辑主语。逻辑主语的判断,
(= We slept comfortably last night,总统被谋杀了,耳朵冻坏了。He came out of the library,他回到了房子里,是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者, 如果天气允许,（一）,You should run your fastest（race）,撒手西去了。,g,前者语气更强一些。e, （him 是playing 的逻辑主语）
同源宾语一, 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时,现在农民们过着幸福的生活。b,,我们明天去看你。This done, （you 是to tell 的逻辑主语）It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time ,
独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语
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独立主格结构精讲精练
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：
1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Hxdying been D.There was
2._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
3._______Sunday, the library doesn\'t open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Hxdying been
4.______Sunday, the library doesn\'t open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
2、逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：
1._________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given
D.The signal giving
2.__________, the train started.
A.After hxdying given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving
the signal D.After the signal was given
3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new
words D.Hxdying explained new words
4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words
explaining D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：
1.___________, the patient can lexdye the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better
D.Being better conditions
2._________, the patient can lexdye the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are
better D.Being better conditions
3.________, we’d like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
4.___________, we’d like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C
5._________, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the
play D.A and B
6._________, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is
still on D.The play still on
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：
1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand
D.sword in hand
2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword
being in hand D.a sword being in hand
3.He left the office, __________.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with
tears being in eyes
4.He left the office __________.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears
in eyes D.tears being in eyes
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因状语
该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B
2._________Sunday, the library doesn\'t open.
A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B
3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ lexdye.
A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and
4.____________, we hxdye to work late into the night.
A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B
2、时间状语
独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：
1.__________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal
2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When
teacher explained new words D.all above
3、条件状语
独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：
1.___________, we\'ll go to visit the Great Wall.
A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and
2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.
A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The
treatment being in time D.A,B and C
4、伴随状语
独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
1.We hxdye lessons every day, ___________.
A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all
2.The boy fell asleep,___________.
A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all
3.Father came home,_________
A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a
dog D.all the above
Composed by Chinephone Lew
“with + 复合宾语”结构是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+
非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：
1、原因状语
1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the
A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To hxdye guide
2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t hxdye time to rest. A.to do
B.to be done C.doing D.done
3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops
A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working
2、时间状语
1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A.are
on B.on C.to be on D.been on
2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.
A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled
3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do
B.doing C.done D.to be done
3、伴随状语
1.She left the offices with tears ________.
A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes
2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.
A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing
3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.
A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing
4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.
A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied
5.You can’t see well ________.
A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to
be on D.with the glasses
4、后置定语
1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand? A.with B.hxdying
C.being D.A and B
2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her
arms.A.carrying B.hxdying C.with D.all the above
分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别
分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：
一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。
分词短语在句中常作以下状语：
1、原因状语
1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being
2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being
C.Because they were D.all the above
2、时间状语
1._______ the students\' homework, the teacher found a lot of
A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the
2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the
3、条件状语
1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is
given B.If given C.Given D.all the above
2._______ another chance, I\'ll do my job better.A.If I hxdye B.If
hxdying C.Hxdying D.all the above
4、伴随状语
1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left
A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the
2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.
A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the
二、独立主格结构和with +
复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：
1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.
A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting
D.Permitting
2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes
D.Closed his eyes
3._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library
三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when,
if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：
1.____________ the teacher told the class to go through the
A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking
the answers and D.all the above
2._________a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay
A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above
3.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above
四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。
1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。
1.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of
A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B
2._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a
A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the
2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with
+复合宾语结构或从句。如：
1.The soldier fell asleep ___________.
A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was
burning the candle D.when burning the candle
2.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns
on all the lights
3.________ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the
4.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。谁教会我英语中非谓语动词和独立主格结构还有名词性从句和定语从句？（最好理论和例题讲解）
谁教会我英语中非谓语动词和独立主格结构还有名词性从句和定语从句？（最好理论和例题讲解）
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
　　动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
　　I have no choice but to stay here.
　　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
　　动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
　　He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
　　（4）作宾语补足语：
　　在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
　　此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
　　With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
　　有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
　　I saw him cross the road.
　　He was seen to cross the road.
　　（5）作定语：
　　动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
　　①动宾关系：
　　I have a meeting to attend.
　　注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
　　He found a good house to live in.
　　The child has nothing to worry about.
　　What did you open it with?
　　如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
　　He has no place to live.
　　This is the best way to work out this problem.
　　如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
　　Have you got anything to send?
　　Have you got anything to be sent?
　　②说明所修饰名词的内容：
　　We have made a plan to finish the work.
　　③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
　　He is the first to get here.
　　（6）作状语：
　　①表目的：
　　He worked day and night to get the money.
　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
　　注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
　　wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
　　right：To save money, he has tried every means.
　　wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
　　right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
　　②表结果：
　　He arrived late to find the train gone.
　　常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
　　I visited him only to find him out.
　　③表原因：
　　They were very sad to hear the news.
　　④表程度：
　　It's too dark for us to see anything.
　　The question is simple for him to answer.
　　（7）作独立成分：
　　To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
　　（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
　　If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
　　（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
　　He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
　　（二）动名词：
　　动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
　　1．动名词的形式：
　　否定式：not + 动名词
　　（1）一般式：
　　Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
　　（2）被动式：
　　He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
　　（3）完成式：
　　We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
　　（4）完成被动式：
　　He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
　　他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
　　（5）否定式：not + 动名词
　　I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
　　（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
　　He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
　　His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
　　他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
　　2．动名词的句法功能：
　　（1）作主语：
　　Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
　　Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
　　当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
　　It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
　　（2）作表语：
　　In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
　　在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
　　（3）作宾语：
　　They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
　　We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
　　我们必须阻止空气被污染。
　　注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
　　We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
　　要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
　　enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
　　（4）作定语：
　　He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
　　Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
　　（5）作同位语：
　　The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
　　His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
　　他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
非谓语动词
　　在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词
　　是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
　　3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词
　　1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
　　（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
　　They built a garden.
　　They suggested building a garden.
　　（2）都可以被状语修饰：
　　The suit fits him very well.
　　The suit used to fit him very well.
　　（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
　　He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
　　He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
　　We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
　　Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
　　（4）都可以有逻辑主语
　　They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
　　The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
　　We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
　　We being League member, the work was well done.
　　（现在分词的逻辑主语）
　　2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
　　（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
　　（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
　　（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
　　（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
　　（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
　　二、非谓语动词用法：
　　（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
　　1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
　　否定式：not + (to) do
　　（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
　　例如：
　　I'm glad to meet you.
　　He seems to know a lot.
　　We plan to pay a visit.
　　He wants to be an artist.
　　The patient asked to be operated on at once.
　　The teacher ordered the work to be done.
　　（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
　　The boy pretended to be working hard.
　　He seems to be reading in his room.
　　（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
　　I regretted to have told a lie.
　　I happened to have seen the film.
　　He is pleased to have met his friend.
　　2．不定式的句法功能：
　　（1）作主语：
　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
　　To lose your heart means failure.
　　动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
　　It means failure to lose your heart.
　　常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
　　（2）作表语：
　　Her job is to clean the hall.
　　He appears to have caught a cold.
　　（3）作宾语：
　　常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
的感言：谢谢了
其他回答 (2)
（三）现在分词：
　　现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
　　1、现在分词的形式：
　　否定式：not + 现在分词
　　（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
　　式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
　　They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
　　Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
　　（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
　　词之前的被动的动作。
　　The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
　　Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
　　被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
　　2．现在分词的句法功能：
　　（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
　　放在名词后。
　　In the following years he worked even harder.
　　在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
　　The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
　　正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
　　现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
　　（2）现在分词作表语：
　　The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
　　The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
　　be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
　　（3）作宾语补足语：
　　如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
　　see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
　　Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
还有好多..这里有限制,就发不完了.真抱歉
等待您来回答
外语领域专家}